Здоровый образ жизни, физическая культура и спорт в ценностном измерении молодого поколения

Аннотация: Сегодняшнему обществу требуются специалисты в области здоровья и физической культуры. В этой связи, работа со студентами по укреплению ценности здоровья и формированию потребности к регулярным занятиям физической культурой и спортом является актуальной. Однако, специфика большинства вузов не устанавливает физическое воспитание в качестве приоритетного для изучения. Данное исследование актуально, поскольку рассматривает значение и роль ценности здоровья для молодежи и популяризацию спорта.

A healthy lifestyle is the only way of life that can restore, preserve and improve the health of the population. Therefore, the formation of this lifestyle of the population is the most important social task of state significance and scale in Russia.

Formation of a healthy lifestyle in the youth environment a complex system process that encompasses many components of the way of life of modern society and includes the main spheres and directions of life of young people. Orientation of young people to maintain a healthy lifestyle depends on many conditions. These are objective social, social and economic conditions that allow one to lead a healthy lifestyle in the main spheres of life activity (educational, labor, family, household, leisure), and a system of value relations that directs the conscious activity of young people in the mainstream of this lifestyle.

The state of health of the population, and, first of all, of children and youth is the most important indicator of the well-being of society and the state. Therefore, strengthening the health of the population, significantly reducing the level of socially significant diseases, creating conditions and creating motivation for a healthy lifestyle is one of the priority tasks of the demographic policy of the Russian Federation until 2025.

The issues of formation of a healthy lifestyle have also been reflected: in the Concept of Long-Term Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation until 2020, in the draft Concept of Health Development of the Russian Federation until 2020.

The modern system of measures undertaken by society to create a way of life that promotes the health of young people and their inclusion in an active social life is developing and being realized at three levels:

Social: propaganda of a healthy way of life by the mass media, conducting educational and information-educational work by health care, education, culture, social protection of the population, adolescent youth clubs, public associations and others;

Infrastructural: creating conditions for a healthy lifestyle in the main spheres of life (availability of leisure time, material resources), the development of a network of sports and leisure organizations, regional preventive organizations (centers for medical prevention, rehabilitation medicine and Rehabilitation); Carrying out environmental control; Equipping educational, medical and other institutions, organizations with necessary equipment and others;

Personal: the formation of a system of value orientations of a young person, the standardization of the domestic way of life.

For the education of a healthy lifestyle, it is necessary to penetrate deep into the problem itself. It is important to find out what caused the not healthy way of life, and that promotes the conduct of a healthy lifestyle [1, с. 149]. To clarify this, many educational institutions are carrying out preventive work aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles. And also in many regions of our country, research is being carried out to identify the physical, social and psychological health of young people. The diagnostic analysis of the state of their physical, social and mental health fully confirms the truism: according to the quality of the entelechy, they are all different. They have different starting areas for life, different health, different destinies.

The health of our young people largely depends on the way of life, in particular, on habits. Useful habits help the formation of a harmoniously developed personality, and harmful ones hamper its formation. To bad habits can be attributed to the irrational regime of the day, unhealthy diet, low physical activity. But the most harmful are drug use, smoking, alcohol abuse. These habits can, imperceptibly, develop into a vice that can ruin a person's life.

A healthy lifestyle is the most important component of the existence of modern man. It provides a comprehensive disclosure of creative abilities, rational use of intellectual and physical resources of each person in the interests of society and the full satisfaction of personal needs, based on moral morality. The way of life of a person is largely determined and shaped by the culture of the individual and society.

A healthy lifestyle is «a category of the general concept of «lifestyle», which includes favorable conditions for human life, the level of its culture, including behavioral, and hygienic skills that help to maintain and enhance health, maintaining an optimal quality of life».

Serious role in the formation of skills of a healthy lifestyle belongs to the family and the surrounding environment of a growing person. This is due to the fact that the complex of stable, healthy habits in childhood, with the right combination of a stable regime of the day, proper upbringing, the conditions of a healthy life and study, is easily developed and fixed firmly.

The most important factors of a healthy lifestyle are physical culture and sports. Systematic exercises of physical exercises and sports, strengthen health and develop the physical abilities of young people, preserve their health, increase the prevention of adverse age changes [2, с. 156]. At the same time, physical culture and sport are the most important means of education. Particular importance is the physical activity of a person, regular muscular activity, which is the basis of the vital activity of the whole organism.

Let us dwell in more detail on one of the significant factors in the formation of habits of a healthy way of life - physical culture (motor) activity. A specific feature of it is that it is directly and directly aimed at mastering a person's own physical nature.

In the Federal Law «On Physical Culture and Sport in the Russian Federation» physical culture is regarded as «a part of culture that is a totality of values, norms and knowledge created and used by society for physical and intellectual development of a person's abilities, improving his motor activity and forming a healthy Lifestyle, social adaptation through physical education, physical training and physical development».

Modern ideas about physical culture are associated with the following components of its components: «physical culture» («physical education») and «sports». Each of these components of physical culture has a certain independence, its own goal, logistics, a different level of development and the scope of personal values.

The strategy for the development of physical culture and sports is aimed at improving the physical health of the population, especially the younger generation, on the basis of increasing the level of physical education, health and preventive work among preschool children, students and students, as well as in the community and in work collectives.

Scientifically substantiated and correctly organized physical education should positively influence the young organism: to promote harmonious physical and mental development; To expand motor abilities; Increase protective-adaptive reactions and strengthen the body's resistance to catarrhal diseases. The principle of improving the direction of physical education creates a methodological setting: to strengthen, improve, improve health. At the same time, a physical education specialist has a crucial role in using the opportunities provided by physical culture and sports to promote health.

The greatest health effect of physical training and sports is possible only with the use of a wide range of means (physical exercises, their regimen, application of hardening procedures, nature and diet). Physical culture has great health and preventive value not only for healthy youth, but also for those who have some deviations in physical development, in the state of the musculoskeletal system (postural defects, spinal deformities, flattening of the feet), as well as various diseases of the internal Organs, and, above all, the cardiovascular system.

In the process of physical training increases blood flow and, accordingly, the parameters of hemodynamics, the state of the heart and blood vessels changes. In systematic studies – significantly increases both the absolute and the relative volume of blood. Systematic training leads to a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen absorption.

The amount of work of the respiratory apparatus in the process of physical training and sports increases in accordance with the growth of gas exchange.

Depending on the strength of physical exertion in individuals engaged in physical culture and sports, the content of norepinephrine and adrenaline, as well as cortisone and corticosterone, increases in the blood. In the process of adaptation to physical loads, i. e. as the training progresses, these changes in the endocrine function become less pronounced, and sometimes they are not detected at all.

Physical exercises cause a reorganization in thermoregulation due to increased energy consumption and metabolism.

In the new educational situation, physical culture is seen as the source of unlimited opportunities for upbringing, development of giftedness, self-determination, self-realization and self-development of the child, and as a basic condition for the formation of skills for countering drug addiction in children, adolescents and youth, and developing a viable and competitive personality.

Formation of physical education of the younger generation in the process of physical education is ensured by the unity of direction and interaction of all components of the educational process, in which the personality, the teacher, representatives of educational institutions, the family, the public, the mass media work, and the goal of physical education is achieved in The process of education, which combines the educational and extra-curricular activities of young people.

As a result of studying and analyzing scientific literature, the most popular sports among young people (sports games, athletic gymnastics, sports ball dances, martial arts, etc.) were analyzed [3, с 188]. The positive influence of these sports on the health of schoolchildren and students was determined, and specific features of sports and pedagogical influence for each of them were revealed.

It is shown that the urgency of achieving sportsmanship in any kind of sports activity, and on the basis of this, the education of young people for a healthy lifestyle is primarily related to the level of development of motor abilities and the effectiveness of their interaction. At the same time, special physical training should be directed primarily at developing physical abilities that are characteristic of the chosen sporting activity.

Thus, in the public mind, the view that the physical culture of society as a whole and of each individual individually represents the basic condition for the formation and implementation of a healthy lifestyle (HLS), which in turn is not only the basis for a good state of health and a cheerful mood, but also the path to the improvement of the nation, to the solution of many social problems of modern Russia.

 

References

1. Gogunov E. H., Martyanov B. I. Psychology of physical education and sports. – M., 2000.
2. Milyptein O. A. Olympic saga. – M., 2001.
3. Isaev A. A. Sports policy of Russia. – M., 2002.
4. Reshetnikov N. V. Physical Culture. – M., 2001.

 

Материал поступил в редакцию 18.05.2017
© Малахова Ю. А., 2017